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    Area of Science:

    • Optical microscopy
    • Phase contrast imaging
    • Wave optics

    Background:

    • Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is gaining traction in microscopy.
    • A prior technique utilized a partitioned detection aperture for single-shot QPI with an extended source.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a rigorous theoretical framework for the partitioned detection aperture technique.
    • To derive 3D spread functions for phase and intensity.
    • To discuss phase reconstruction methods for various sample types.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of paraxial wave optics.
    • Derivation of fully 3D spread functions.
    • Analysis of phase reconstruction for in- and out-of-focus samples.

    Main Results:

    • The theory rigorously describes the partitioned detection aperture technique.
    • Fully 3D spread functions for phase and intensity were derived.
    • Phase reconstruction methods insensitive to weak light attenuation were discussed.

    Conclusions:

    • The technique offers detection-limited lateral resolution.
    • An extended depth of field is achieved.
    • The method is applicable to both smooth and rough samples.