Biomarkers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Natural Products as Complementary Alternative Medicine
Jonatas Zeni Klafke1, Fernando Garcez Porto, Amanda Spring de Almeida
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, Campus Universitário Dr. Ulysses Guimarães - Rodovia Municipal Jacob Della Méa, Km 5.6 - Parada Benito, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil. jonzeni@hotmail.com.
Insights
Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial. This review highlights biomarkers like Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), alongside Campomanesia xanthocarpa, for identifying subclinical atherosclerosis and preventing CVD.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiology
- Pharmacognosy
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of global mortality, with a significant percentage of acute myocardial infarctions (MI) being silent.
- Subclinical atherosclerosis, driven by risk factors like hypercholesterolemia, precedes evident CVD, posing a challenge due to the long asymptomatic period.
- Early identification of individuals at risk is vital for implementing preventive measures against CVD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review biomarkers for the early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.
- To explore the potential of Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as biochemical markers for atherosclerotic conditions.
- To assess the role of nitric oxide in endothelial dysfunction and the potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa in managing CVD risk.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on biomarkers for subclinical atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) as a biochemical marker.
- Evaluation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) for protein oxidation assessment.
- Investigation of nitric oxide's role in endothelial function and the impact of Campomanesia xanthocarpa.
Main Results:
- Ischemia-Modified Albumin (IMA) is a promising biomarker for atherosclerotic conditions.
- Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) provide insights into protein oxidation and metabolic control.
- Nitric oxide serves as an early marker for endothelial dysfunction.
- Campomanesia xanthocarpa demonstrates potential in reducing protein oxidation and improving vascular function.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers such as IMA and AOPP offer alternative methods for early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.
- Nitric oxide is an important early marker for endothelial dysfunction.
- Campomanesia xanthocarpa presents a natural product approach to mitigate CVD risk by improving vascular function and reducing protein oxidation.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases in the world. In addition, about 20% of first and recurrent acute myocardial infarctions (MI) are silent. In this context, subclinical atherosclerosis culminates in evident CVD, through the evolution of early risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and others. The main problem in CVD is related to the long-time between the start of the subclinical atherosclerosis and the manifestation of the disease. The identification of subjects at risk of such events is obviously substantial, since identification leads to implementation and compliance with effective preventive measures that reduce such risk. In this sense, this review demonstrates biomarkers as an alternative to early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis. One of the proposed biomarkers is the Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), being considered a promising biochemical biomarker for atherosclerotic conditions. Another marker that is gaining strength and is associated with the IMA are the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), its measurement provides information on the level of exposure to potentially harmful changes to proteins and metabolic control. And last but not least we have nitric oxide as an early marker mainly related to endothelial dysfunction. In this review also is evidenced the use of the Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant native to southern region from Brazil extensively used as complementary and alternative medicine, and natural products to reduce protein oxidation and improve the availability of nitric oxide and consequently vascular function, reducing the risk for development of CVD.
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