Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 30, 2026

14:09
Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
Published on: March 21, 2013
22.2K
Abnormal postural reflexes in a patient with pontine ischaemia
Roberto Cantello1, Luca Magistrelli2, Emanuela Terazzi2
1Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
BMJ Case Reports
|November 13, 2015
Summary
A rare case of abnormal posture following pontine ischemia is presented. This finding highlights the complex interplay between vestibular and neck receptors in maintaining body posture.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Body posture control relies on integrated signals from the vestibular system and neck proprioceptors.
- Disruptions in these sensory pathways can result in abnormal postural reflexes.
Observation:
- A patient with left pontine ischemia developed a unique dystonic extensor posture of the left limbs when turned to the right.
- This presentation is distinct from previously documented cases.
Findings:
- The observed postural abnormality suggests potential ischemic damage to pontine structures or associated neural pathways crucial for posture regulation.
- This case underscores the intricate relationship between vestibular input and cervical afferents in maintaining postural stability.
Implications:
- This report contributes to the understanding of rare neurological disorders affecting posture.
- Further research into pontine structures involved in posture control is warranted to identify specific neural connections and mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
Somatic Spinal Reflexes
7.6K
Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
7.6K
Reflex Activity
4.7K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
4.7K
Indirect Motor Pathways
3.8K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.8K
The Micturition Reflex
3.6K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
3.6K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
2.5K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
RBD is significantly associated with...
2.5K
Brainstem
8.0K
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
8.0K

