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Diet, Microbiota and Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes Development and Evolution
María E Mejía-León1, Ana M Calderón de la Barca2
1Department Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carr. La Victoria, Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico. esther.mejia83@gmail.com.
Nutrients
|November 13, 2015
Summary
Diet and gut microbiota are key factors in childhood autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Understanding these links can inform prevention strategies for T1D onset and management.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prevalent autoimmune disease in children, leading to serious long-term complications.
- T1D etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition and environmental influences like diet, antibiotics, and delivery mode.
- The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator between environmental factors and the development of T1D autoimmunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of diet and gut microbiota in T1D pathogenesis.
- To explore the molecular mechanisms linking diet, gut microbiota, autoimmunity, and T1D.
- To discuss evidence-based strategies for primary and secondary prevention of T1D.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on dietary factors, gut microbiota, and T1D.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in T1D development.
- Synthesis of current evidence for T1D prevention strategies.
Main Results:
- Dietary factors significantly influence gut microbiota composition and function.
- Alterations in gut microbiota are associated with increased risk of T1D autoimmunity.
- Specific dietary interventions may offer potential for T1D prevention.
Conclusions:
- The gut microbiota acts as a crucial interface between diet and the immune system in T1D development.
- Targeting diet and modulating the gut microbiota holds promise for preventing T1D.
- Further research into molecular mechanisms is needed to refine T1D prevention strategies.
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