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Related Concept Videos

DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation
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Self-powered switch-controlled nucleic acid extraction system.

Kyungsup Han1, Yong-Jin Yoon2, Yong Shin3

  • 1Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Science Park Road, Singapore Science Park II, 117685, Singapore. parkmk@ime.a-star.edu.sg and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798, Singapore. yongjiny@ntu.edu.sg.

Lab on a Chip
|November 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a self-powered nucleic acid extraction system (SSNES) that uses disposable syringes for powerless fluidic pumping. This innovation enables efficient DNA extraction for point-of-care diagnostics, even in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies have revolutionized in vitro diagnostics, miniaturizing complex lab processes.
  • Existing LOC systems often rely on power-dependent fluidic pumps and valves, hindering point-of-care (POC) applications, especially in low-resource settings.
  • Molecular diagnostics require multi-step sample processing, posing challenges for portable and accessible testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-powered, switch-controlled nucleic acid extraction system (SSNES) for POC applications.
  • To eliminate the need for external power sources and complex components in microfluidic diagnostic devices.
  • To enable efficient and disposable DNA extraction suitable for resource-limited environments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a powerless vacuum actuator utilizing two disposable syringes (working and actuating).
  • Integration of a novel switchgear with a Venus symbol shape, serving as a reagent reservoir, push-button, and on-off valve.
  • Fabrication of a fully disposable SSNES comprising three sets of vacuum actuators, switchgears, and microfluidic components.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of DNA extraction from urine samples using a dimethyl adipimidate (DMA)-based method.
  • Confirmation of DNA extraction performance through genetic (HRAS) analysis of extracted DNA biomarkers.
  • The SSNES operates without external electrical power, relying on stored compressed air for vacuum generation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SSNES provides a viable, powerless, and disposable solution for nucleic acid extraction.
  • The syringe-based vacuum actuator offers a versatile platform for various microfluidic applications.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly enhance molecular diagnostics accessibility in POC and low-resource settings.