Adverse Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Concept Mapping Approach

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Behavioral Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use has rapidly increased globally.
• The evolving nature of ECIG products necessitates understanding their potential adverse effects.
• Acute adverse effects associated with ECIG use require thorough examination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine and describe the acute adverse effects experienced by electronic cigarette users.
• To identify and categorize negative physical and psychological effects linked to ECIG use.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-method concept mapping (CM) approach was employed.
• Experienced ECIG users (n=85) generated statements on adverse effects.
• Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis created a concept map of these effects.

Main Results:

• 79 adverse effect statements were identified from users.
• Five main clusters of adverse effects emerged: Stigma, Worry/Guilt, Addiction Signs, Physical Effects, and Device/Vapor Problems.
• These clusters provide a conceptual model of user-identified ECIG adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Electronic cigarette use is associated with a range of adverse effects that warrant monitoring.
• Health professionals should be aware of these potential negative health outcomes.
• Policy development for ECIG regulation should consider user-identified adverse effects to minimize risks.