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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

6.0K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
6.0K
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

7.9K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
7.9K
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

6.0K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
6.0K
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

2.3K
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
2.3K
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

4.7K
The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
4.7K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

5.6K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
5.6K

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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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Hydrogen sulfide intoxication.

Tee L Guidotti1

  • 1Medical Advisory Services, Rockville, MD, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas found in various industries. Understanding its unique toxidrome and promoting rigorous safety training are crucial for preventing accidental deaths.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a hazardous, insoluble gas heavier than air.
  • It is prevalent in industries like oil and gas, agriculture, and waste management.
  • H2S has a low odor threshold and high toxicity, posing significant health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the characteristic toxidrome of hydrogen sulfide exposure.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of H2S toxicity and potential treatments.
  • To emphasize prevention strategies, especially in confined spaces and industrial settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on H2S toxicity and industrial exposure.
  • Analysis of the physiological effects of H2S at varying concentrations.
Keywords:
apneacomaconjunctivitishydrogen sulfidehydrosulfideirritant gasknockdownneurotoxicologyolfactory fatigueolfactory paralysispulmonary edematoxidrome

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  • Examination of current treatment protocols and preventative measures.

    • Main Results:

    • H2S toxicity progresses through stages: mucosal irritation, olfactory paralysis, loss of consciousness, pulmonary edema, and death.
    • Chronic neurocognitive effects are debated, with evidence linked to high exposures and head injuries.
    • Endogenous H2S plays a role in neurotransmission and immunomodulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt prehospital treatment is challenging; supportive care, hyperbaric oxygen, and nitrites are primary interventions.
    • Prevention hinges on exposure control and comprehensive training to avoid dangerous rescue attempts.
    • Understanding H2S hazards is vital for worker safety in relevant industries.