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Related Concept Videos

Stress01:20

Stress

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When a force is applied on a body, it undergoes deformation. In order to restore the body to its original shape and/or size, an opposite or restoring force is generated within the body. This restoring force is equal to the magnitude of the applied force, but acts in the opposite direction. The amount of this restoring force developed per unit area of the body is called stress. Stress is a tensor quantity and has the SI unit pascal. Stress can be separated into four broad categories depending...
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Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

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To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
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Applications of Stress01:04

Applications of Stress

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Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
The...
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

Problem Solving on Stress and Strain

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

633
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
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Mechanical Stimulation of Stem Cells Using Cyclic Uniaxial Strain
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Mechanical stress.

Stephen Bao1

  • 1SHARP Program, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia, WA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details mechanical stressors linked to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). It focuses on observational techniques to quantify these workplace risks and evaluate ergonomic intervention effectiveness.

Keywords:
biomechanical risk factorshand-intensive jobshuman vibrationjob evaluation methodmanual material handlingparticipatory ergonomicsphysical exposure quantificationphysical workload assessmentwork-related musculoskeletal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent in high-risk industries, affecting areas like the low back, neck, shoulder, hand, wrist, elbow, and knee.
  • Key mechanical stressors contributing to WMSDs include high forces, awkward postures, high repetitions, excessive contact stress, and harmful human vibrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss mechanical stressors associated with WMSDs.
  • To review and focus on quantification methods for these stressors, particularly observational techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of various quantification methods: self-report, observational techniques, and direct measurement.
  • Detailed focus on well-established observational techniques for assessing job-related mechanical stressors.
  • Quantitative risk level indications derived from these methods.

Main Results:

  • Observational techniques provide quantifiable risk level indications for job mechanical stressors.
  • These methods facilitate practitioner decision-making in risk management.
  • Quantitative data allows for the evaluation of ergonomics intervention effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Observational techniques are valuable tools for assessing and managing mechanical stressors in the workplace.
  • Quantification of stressors aids in identifying high-risk jobs and evaluating the impact of ergonomic improvements.