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Related Concept Videos

Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Wall slip and fluidity in emulsion flow.

José Paredes1, Noushine Shahidzadeh1, Daniel Bonn1

  • 1Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates wall slip in emulsions using microscopy and rheology. We found that surface roughness from adsorbed droplets explains slip, and identified two key effects causing micro- vs. macrorheology differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloid Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Apparent wall slip in emulsions is a macroscopic phenomenon.
  • Microscopic origins of wall slip remain unclear.
  • Existing models like the fluidity model require further validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the microscopic origins of apparent wall slip in emulsions.
  • To compare macroscopic rheological measurements with microscopic observations.
  • To identify and differentiate factors contributing to micro- vs. macrorheology discrepancies.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with rheometry.
  • Systematic study of flow curves on a model emulsion.
  • Controlled variation of shearing wall wetting properties.

Main Results:

  • Wall slip is explained by surface roughness induced by adsorbed droplets.
  • Two distinct effects causing gap-dependent viscosity were identified: lubricating layer formation and cooperative effects in confined flow.
  • Cooperative effects were shown to translate into an effective slip velocity.

Conclusions:

  • Surface roughness from adsorbed droplets is a key factor in apparent wall slip.
  • Micro- and macrorheology differences arise from lubricating layers and cooperative confinement effects.
  • Understanding these microscopic origins is crucial for accurate emulsion rheology.