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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
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Transcriptomics in cancer diagnostics: developments in technology, clinical research and commercialization.

Monica Sager1,2, Nai Chien Yeat2,3, Stefan Pajaro-Van der Stadt1,2

  • 1a College of Arts and Sciences , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA.

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|November 14, 2015
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Summary

Advancements in transcriptomic technologies and RNA sequencing enable earlier and more accurate cancer diagnosis. These molecular profiling tools improve treatment predictions, paving the way for personalized oncology medicine.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingTranscriptomicscancercompanion diagnosticsmicroarraymolecular diagnosticspersonalized medicinequantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Transcriptomic technologies are crucial for early cancer detection and accurate diagnosis.
  • Digital techniques like RNA sequencing offer detailed transcriptome analysis, surpassing traditional imaging.
  • Aberrant gene expression is a key driver of oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine recent advancements in molecular profiling for cancer diagnosis.
  • To explore the clinical applications of these new technologies.
  • To predict the future of personalized medicine in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of transcriptomic technologies, including RNA sequencing.
  • Analysis of companion diagnostics for targeted cancer treatments.
  • Examination of molecular profiling research and its application in oncology.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptomic technologies provide enhanced predictive and prognostic utility.
  • RNA sequencing offers more detailed analysis than still-imaging techniques.
  • Companion diagnostics are emerging for personalized treatment effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular profiling is transforming cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • Personalized medicine in oncology is rapidly advancing due to these technologies.
  • Future oncology will likely rely heavily on transcriptomic data for tailored patient care.