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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Severe Hypothyroidism-Induced Volvulus.

Rafay Khan1, Amar Ahmed1, Sunil Tulpule1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, 530 New Brunswick Ave, Perth Amboy, NJ, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Undiagnosed hypothyroidism can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues like abdominal pain and distention. Early thyroid management is crucial to prevent serious complications such as volvulus.

Keywords:
GastrointestinalHypothyroidismMotilityThyroidVolvulus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Thyroid disorders affect multiple organ systems, with gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations being common but not fully understood.
  • Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are linked to GI motility symptoms, often indicating undertreated or undiagnosed thyroid conditions.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 71-year-old female with poorly managed hypothyroidism.
  • The patient presented with significant abdominal distention and pain.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms were secondary to an underlying volvulus formation.
  • The precise mechanisms by which thyroid hormones influence intestinal motility remain poorly elucidated.

Implications:

  • Understanding hypothyroidism's GI complications can aid in early diagnosis and intervention.
  • Prompt management of thyroid dysfunction may prevent severe, life-threatening outcomes.