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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

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A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
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Inquire about symptoms...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Cardiovascular outcome in systemic sclerosis.

Damien Voilliot, Julien Magne, Raluca Dulgheru

    Acta Cardiologica
    |November 17, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and exercise echocardiography can identify systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients at risk for cardiovascular events. These tools aid in predicting complications in SSc patients.

    Keywords:
    Systemic sclerosisbrain natriuretic peptidecardio-vascular diseasesechocardiographyexercisenailfold videocapillaroscopypulmonary hypertension

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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Cardiology
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Cardiovascular involvement significantly worsens prognosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
    • Early identification of at-risk SSc patients is crucial for timely intervention.
    • Predictive markers for cardiovascular events in SSc require further validation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the predictive value of nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and exercise echocardiography for cardiovascular events in SSc patients.
    • To determine the combined utility of these non-invasive methods in risk stratification.
    • To identify key indicators of cardiovascular risk in the SSc population.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective enrollment of 65 SSc patients (mean age 54±14 years).
    • Standardized graded semi-supine exercise echocardiography to assess pulmonary hypertension.
    • Nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) and baseline/follow-up BNP blood levels were measured.

    Main Results:

    • Cardiovascular events occurred in 9 patients (18%) during a mean follow-up of 27±18 months.
    • Patients with events were older, had higher NVC grade (>2), elevated resting and exercise pulmonary artery pressures, and higher BNP levels.
    • NVC grade >2, exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (EIPH), follow-up pulmonary hypertension (FUPH), and BNP levels independently predicted cardiovascular events after adjusting for age and gender.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiovascular complications are a significant concern in SSc.
    • NVC, BNP assessment, and exercise echocardiography are valuable tools for identifying SSc patients at high cardiovascular risk.
    • Integrating these assessments can improve cardiovascular risk prediction in SSc.