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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
Published on: December 9, 2011
Handwritten, Soft Circuit Boards and Antennas Using Liquid Metal Nanoparticles
Yiliang Lin1, Christopher Cooper1, Meng Wang2
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA.
Abstract:
Soft conductors are created by embedding liquid metal nanoparticles between two elastomeric sheets. Initially, the particles form an electrically insulating composite. Soft circuit boards can be handwritten by a stylus, which sinters the particles into conductive traces by applying localized mechanical pressure to the elastomeric sheets. Antennas with tunable frequencies are formed by sintering nanoparticles in microchannels.
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