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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
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Circadian Disruption in Psychiatric Disorders.

Stephanie G Jones1, Ruth M Benca1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, USA.

Sleep Medicine Clinics
|November 17, 2015
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Summary

Circadian rhythm disruptions are linked to major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Stabilizing these rhythms can be an effective treatment for psychiatric conditions.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderCircadianDepressionGeneticsPsychiatricSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Abnormalities in circadian rhythms are increasingly implicated in psychiatric disorders.
  • Altered hormonal and behavioral timekeeping is observed in major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
  • Rhythm instability may contribute to functional impairment in psychiatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the causal or pathophysiological significance of circadian rhythm abnormalities in psychiatric illness.
  • To investigate the role of circadian rhythm disruption in the clinical profiles of major psychiatric disorders.
  • To determine if shared pathophysiological mechanisms can be uncovered by examining circadian phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence linking circadian rhythm abnormalities to psychiatric conditions.
  • Analysis of altered circadian regulation in major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
  • Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of chronobiological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythm abnormalities are suggested to be causally or pathophysiologically significant in psychiatric illness.
  • Altered circadian regulation of hormonal and behavioral processes is common in major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
  • Chronobiological interventions that stabilize or resynchronize circadian rhythms show therapeutic effectiveness for some patients.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian disruption is a common feature across major psychiatric illnesses.
  • Chronobiological interventions offer a potential therapeutic avenue for psychiatric disorders.
  • Focusing on circadian phenotypes may reveal shared mechanisms underlying diverse psychiatric conditions.