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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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The Scientific Method01:32

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The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
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Fixation and Sectioning01:03

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Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Preparing Scientific Papers, Posters, and Slides.

Alan Kawarai Lefor1, Misato Maeno1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.

Journal of Surgical Education
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Academic publications and presentations require adherence to specific formatting guidelines for acceptance. Proper preparation of papers, posters, and slides ensures clear communication of scientific data.

Keywords:
Interpersonal and Communication SkillsPractice-Based Learning and ImprovementProfessionalismscientific paperscientific posterslide presentationword processing

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Area of Science:

  • Academic Medicine
  • Scientific Communication

Background:

  • Effective communication of research findings is crucial in academic medicine.
  • Standardized preparation of publications and presentations enhances acceptance and audience comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidelines for preparing academic papers, posters, and slide presentations.
  • To ensure clarity, readability, and adherence to scientific standards in academic communication.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to scientific English usage, minimizing abbreviations.
  • Correct formatting for word processing, including font types and sizes (Times New Roman for papers, Arial/Helvetica for posters/slides).
  • Appropriate presentation of numerical data with significant figures and statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Journals have specific instructions for manuscript preparation, figures, and tables.
  • Posters require large font sizes (readable from 2m), a white background, dark text, and a focus on results.
  • Slide presentations should be concise (1 slide/minute), avoiding excessive animation and color, with no abbreviations.

Conclusions:

  • Following these guidelines improves the chances of publication and presentation acceptance.
  • Properly formatted materials ensure effective dissemination and appreciation of scientific data.