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Related Experiment Videos

Genetic effect in resting and exercise metabolic rates.

C Bouchard1, A Tremblay, A Nadeau

  • 1Department of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Genetics significantly influence resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of meals, with heritability estimates around 40-50%. Exercise energy cost also shows high heritability at lower intensities.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Individual differences in energy expenditure impact weight management and metabolic health.
  • Understanding the genetic contribution to metabolic traits is crucial for personalized health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heritability of resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of a meal (TEM), and exercise energy cost.
  • To determine the genetic contribution to variations in glucose and insulin metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Twin and family studies (monozygotic and dizygotic twins, parent-child pairs) were used to assess heritability.
  • Measurements included RMR, TEM after a carbohydrate meal, and submaximal cycle exercise energy cost.
  • Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, as well as post-meal responses, were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Heritability for RMR was approximately 40% after adjusting for covariates.
  • Genetic factors accounted for 40-50% of the variation in TEM.
  • High heritability (≥46%) was observed for exercise metabolic rate at low power outputs, diminishing at higher intensities.
  • A significant genetic effect was found for fasting plasma glucose, but not for insulin or meal responses.

Conclusions:

  • Genetics play a substantial role in individual differences in RMR and TEM.
  • Heritability of energy expenditure during exercise is intensity-dependent.
  • Genetic influences on fasting glucose levels are evident, but less so for insulin or acute metabolic responses to meals.