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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Measuring Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport by C2C12 Myotubes
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Tuning electron transport through functionalized C20H10 molecular junctions.

Laura Zoppi1, Andrea Ferretti2, Kim K Baldridge1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|November 18, 2015
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This study uses density functional theory (DFT) to explore charge transport in molecular junctions with corannulene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It reveals how molecular design impacts electron transport for new electronic nanocircuits.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Molecular electronics offers a pathway to miniaturized electronic devices.
  • Understanding charge transport in molecular junctions is crucial for device design.
  • Corannulene-based molecular junctions present a novel platform for nanoelectronic components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate charge transport phenomena in molecular junctions.
  • To analyze the impact of molecular design on electron transport.
  • To provide insights for developing new molecular-based electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a first-principles methodology based on density functional theory (DFT).
  • Simulating electron transport through molecular junctions composed of corannulene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • Examining the influence of spacer composition, active molecule, sensor capabilities, and external electric fields.

Main Results:

  • Identified key design factors influencing electron transport in molecular nanojunctions.
  • Demonstrated the tunability of charge transport properties through molecular engineering.
  • Established a relationship between electronic structure and charge transport mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular junctions can be integrated into electronic nanocircuits.
  • Corannulene-based systems show promise for molecular electronic applications.
  • This research offers a foundation for designing advanced molecular electronic devices.