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Related Concept Videos

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

667
In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
667
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

706
Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
706
Transformation of Plane Stress01:18

Transformation of Plane Stress

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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
857
Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

659
Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
659
Symmetric Member in Bending01:07

Symmetric Member in Bending

750
In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...
750
Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members01:23

Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members

485
Thin-walled members with non-symmetrical cross-sections are vital to engineering structures, offering material efficiency and structural integrity. However, unsymmetrical loading on these members leads to complex stress distributions, resulting in simultaneous bending and twisting can cause deformation or structural failure. The interaction between bending and twisting requires detailed analysis to ensure structural resilience.
The concept of the shear center is crucial in countering the...
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Mechanical Forces Alter Conical Intersections Topology.

Daniel Rivero1, Alessio Valentini1,2, Miguel Ángel Fernández-González1

  • 1Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá , E- 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical forces can control photochemical reactions by altering conical intersections. Applying force to benzene changes its conical intersection topology, enhancing photostability and favoring reactant recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photoreactivity is influenced by mechanical forces, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Conical intersections are critical in photochemistry, mediating transitions between electronic states and influencing reaction pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general framework for understanding how mechanical forces affect conical intersections.
  • To investigate the impact of external forces on the topology of conical intersections and subsequent photoreactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of mechanical forces acting on conical intersections.
  • Analysis of the benzene S1/S0 conical intersection topology under applied force.

Main Results:

  • Less than 1 nN of force dramatically alters benzene's S1/S0 conical intersection topology from peaked to sloped.
  • Applied forces can eliminate the transition state in the excited state, increasing photostability.
  • Altered conical intersection topology favors the recovery of the initial reactant.

Conclusions:

  • External forces acting on chromophores offer a potential method for controlling photochemical reactivity.
  • Understanding force-induced changes in conical intersections is key to photochemical control.