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The 'Dispersal Rate' - a product dependent characteristic to predict the reliability of the calibrated in vitro SPF
J Batzer1, A Bleckmann1, H Lerg1
1Global R&D Sun Care, Beiersdorf AG, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.
Objectives:
The evaluation of the SPF by the measurement of light transmission through a thin film on PMMA plates is an interesting alternative to the conventional in vivo method. However, during the last years an internationally acknowledged in vitro SPF measurement could not be established mainly due to bad reproducibility. With this work, we would like to give new suggestions for an improved reproducibility and to open new space for discussion.
Methods:
A total of 22 o/w emulsions with well-established in vivo SPF were measured in vitro close to the international Standard ISO 24443 on two different substrates (PMMA plates: WW5 and HD6). For each product, the ratio 'in vitro SPFraw /in vivo SPF' was calculated. The composition of the products was analysed regarding a parameter that correlates with the aforementioned ratio. Additionally seven suitable calibration products were determined to transfer the in vitro SPFraw to the calibrated in vitro SPFcal .
Results:
We could show that the results for the SPFcal matched very well for 19 measured o/w emulsions on WW5 plates. However, we found two products where the in vitro SPF was much lower than the in vivo SPF. The Dispersal Rate allows us to identify a product characteristic parameter to predict too low measured in vitro SPFs on WW5 plates. This parameter mainly refers to the ratio of water to lipids in an emulsion. We found that products with few emollients and few emulsifiers are measured too low in vitro.
Conclusion:
We suggest implementing an individual calibration of the in vitro SPF to improve the reproducibility of in vitro SPF measurements between different laboratories. Considering the Dispersal Rate helps to estimate the reliability of the in vitro SPF measured on WW5 plates. In order to evaluate whether those products with a high Dispersal Rate can also be calibrated with special standards, further measurements need to be done. We demonstrate that, besides the known parameter, also the composition of the products should be considered for the interpretation of the in vitro SPF. Our findings could explain some multiple reported problems in correlation between in vitro and in vivo SPF, especially for higher SPFs (Personal Care, November, 2014, 27).
Insights
Improving in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) measurements requires individual calibration and considering product composition. This approach enhances reproducibility and reliability in sunscreen testing, addressing discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo results.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and cosmetic science
- Analytical chemistry
- Materials science
Background:
- In vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) measurement using light transmission through thin films on PMMA plates is an alternative to in vivo testing.
- Poor reproducibility has hindered the international acceptance of in vitro SPF measurement methods.
- Establishing a reliable in vitro method is crucial for accurate sunscreen efficacy assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose methods for improving the reproducibility of in vitro SPF measurements.
- To investigate product-specific parameters influencing the correlation between in vitro and in vivo SPF.
- To provide suggestions for a more reliable and internationally acknowledged in vitro SPF measurement.
Main Methods:
- Measured 22 oil-in-water emulsions with known in vivo SPF using in vitro methods on PMMA plates (WW5 and HD6) following ISO 24443.
- Calculated the ratio of in vitro SPF to in vivo SPF and analyzed product composition for correlating parameters.
- Determined seven calibration products to convert raw in vitro SPF to calibrated in vitro SPF (SPFcal).
Main Results:
- Calibrated in vitro SPF (SPFcal) results closely matched in vivo SPF for 19 out of 22 emulsions on WW5 plates.
- Identified two products with significantly lower in vitro SPF than in vivo SPF.
- The 'Dispersal Rate,' related to the water-to-lipid ratio and low emollient/emulsifier content, predicts lower in vitro SPF values on WW5 plates.
Conclusions:
- Individual calibration of in vitro SPF measurements is recommended to enhance inter-laboratory reproducibility.
- The Dispersal Rate is a valuable parameter for assessing the reliability of in vitro SPF measurements on WW5 plates.
- Product composition, particularly the Dispersal Rate, must be considered alongside established parameters for accurate interpretation of in vitro SPF, especially for high SPF products.
