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Current management of pediatric thyroid disease and differentiated thyroid cancer

Elisabeth T Tracy1, Sanziana A Roman

  • 1Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|November 18, 2015
PubMed

Insights

This review highlights new guidelines for pediatric well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), emphasizing distinct management strategies for children and adolescents. A risk stratification approach minimizes treatment morbidity for excellent outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children presents and behaves differently than in adults.
  • Previous management guidelines for pediatric DTC often extrapolated from adult protocols.
  • Recent American Thyroid Association guidelines offer specific recommendations for pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration in diagnosing pediatric thyroid nodules.
  • To discuss the management of benign nodules and the extent of thyroid resection for DTC in children.
  • To outline strategies for managing regional lymph node disease and risk stratification in pediatric DTC staging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and guidelines concerning pediatric thyroid disease.
  • Focus on diagnostic modalities like ultrasound and fine needle aspiration.
  • Analysis of treatment approaches including surgical resection and lymph node management.

Main Results:

  • New guidelines specifically address pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC, diverging from adult-based approaches.
  • Pediatric DTC exhibits unique clinical characteristics and excellent overall patient outcomes.
  • A risk stratification system (low, intermediate, high) is central to current pediatric DTC management.

Conclusions:

  • Management of pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC requires specialized approaches tailored to the pediatric population.
  • Risk stratification is key to optimizing treatment and minimizing morbidity in children with DTC.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge and ongoing debates in pediatric thyroid cancer care.
Abstract

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