Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

256
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
256
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

335
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
335
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

881
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
881
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.7K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.7K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

3.1K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
3.1K
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

37
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
37

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Live-Attenuated Intranasal RSV Vaccine in Infants and Toddlers.

NEJM evidence·2025
Same author

Infectivity and Immunogenicity of Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Children.

Open forum infectious diseases·2024
Same author

Breaking down barriers between liver, addiction, and mental health services for people with alcohol-related liver disease.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2024
Same author

Mutations in the F protein of the live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L increase the stability of infectivity and content of prefusion F protein.

PloS one·2024
Same author

Proactive case finding of alcohol-related liver disease in high-risk populations: A systematic review.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2024
Same author

Evaluation of the Live-Attenuated Intranasal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine RSV/6120/ΔNS2/1030s in RSV-Seronegative Young Children.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2023
Same journal

Lessons from extended induction and practical evidence for improving tofacitinib therapy in ulcerative colitis.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Small animal <i>ex vivo</i> machine perfusion of the liver: A comprehensive literature review.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Comparable remission and health care use in real-world inflammatory bowel disease patients initiating originator biologics <i>vs</i> biosimilars.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Simultaneous treatment of concomitant achalasia coexisting with epiphrenic diverticulum: The practice of submucosal tunneling technique.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease <i>via</i> peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway activation.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.2K

Immune dysfunction in acute alcoholic hepatitis.

Ashwin D Dhanda1, Peter L Collins1

  • 1Ashwin D Dhanda, Peter L Collins, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) involves immune system overactivation and dysfunction. This review explores AAH pathogenesis, highlighting impaired immune responses and gut barrier disruption in alcohol misuse.

Keywords:
Alcoholic hepatitisAlcoholic liver diseaseGut dysbiosisT cell exhaustionToll-like receptors

More Related Videos

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
10:45

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Published on: May 25, 2017

15.4K
Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.2K
Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
10:45

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Published on: May 25, 2017

15.4K
Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) is a severe liver disease linked to heavy alcohol consumption, characterized by jaundice, coagulopathy, and high mortality.
  • AAH involves significant immune dysfunction, presenting as an overactive yet ineffective immune response to pathogens.
  • The pathogenesis of AAH is complex, involving gut barrier disruption and subsequent immune cell activation within the liver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis and immune defects in AAH.
  • To identify key areas requiring further research in AAH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AAH pathogenesis and immune responses.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of alcohol-induced immune activation and dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol disrupts gut integrity, allowing pathogen-associated molecular particles (PAMPs) to enter the portal system.
  • PAMPs trigger toll-like receptor signaling, leading to cytokine/chemokine release, immune cell infiltration, and liver damage.
  • Despite immune activation, AAH exhibits impaired microbial defense, including reduced neutrophil function and T cell exhaustion.

Conclusions:

  • AAH pathogenesis involves a dual immune response: activation and profound impairment.
  • Understanding these immune defects is crucial for developing targeted therapies for AAH.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of immune dysfunction and explore therapeutic strategies.