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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Protein Networks02:26

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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A method for developing regulatory gene set networks to characterize complex biological systems.

Chayaporn Suphavilai, Liugen Zhu, Jake Y Chen

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    This study introduces regulatory gene set networks (R-GSNs) to uncover new pathway relationships. R-GSNs offer complementary biological insights to existing methods for systems biology research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Systems biology
    • Bioinformatics
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Traditional molecular network studies focus on genes or proteins.
    • Higher-level networks linking gene sets or pathways offer new perspectives.
    • Co-membership gene set networks (M-GSNs) and co-enrichment gene set networks (E-GSNs) are established methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel approach for constructing directed, regulatory gene set networks (R-GSNs).
    • To reveal novel relationships among gene sets or pathways.
    • To compare R-GSNs with existing M-GSNs.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected gene set collections and gene regulation data.
    • Developed a method for constructing global and disease-specific R-GSNs.
    • Assessed the significance of constructed R-GSNs.
    • Constructed and analyzed an R-GSN for Alzheimer's disease.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully constructed directed, regulatory gene set networks (R-GSNs).
    • Demonstrated the ability of R-GSNs to reveal novel gene set relationships.
    • Showcased the application of R-GSNs in disease-specific studies, exemplified by Alzheimer's disease.

    Conclusions:

    • R-GSNs provide novel biological insights beyond protein-level or M-GSN analyses.
    • Integration of R-GSNs with functional genomics data advances systems biology.
    • R-GSNs hold potential for translational bioinformatics research.