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Gabapentin Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Laura Edwards1, Stephen DeMeo1, Chi D Hornik2

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Summary
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Gabapentin improved feeding tolerance and reduced irritability in infants with visceral hyperalgesia. However, abrupt discontinuation led to adverse events, highlighting careful management needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Visceral hyperalgesia is a condition affecting term and preterm infants.
  • Neurologic and gastrointestinal morbidities can cause visceral hyperalgesia.
  • Current treatment options may have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in treating visceral hyperalgesia in infants.
  • To assess the impact of gabapentin on feeding tolerance and irritability.
  • To identify potential adverse events associated with gabapentin use.

Main Methods:

  • Gabapentin was administered to term and preterm infants diagnosed with suspected visceral hyperalgesia.
  • Infants had underlying neurologic or gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Outcomes included feeding tolerance, irritability, and medication usage.

Main Results:

  • Gabapentin treatment resulted in improved feeding tolerance.
  • Decreased infant irritability was observed.
  • There was a notable reduction in the use of opioids and benzodiazepines.
  • Adverse events were documented upon abrupt discontinuation of gabapentin.

Conclusions:

  • Gabapentin shows promise in managing visceral hyperalgesia in infants.
  • The medication may reduce the need for other sedating drugs.
  • Careful monitoring and gradual withdrawal are essential to prevent adverse events.