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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Increased striatal functional connectivity with auditory cortex in tinnitus.

Leighton B Hinkley¹, Danielle Mizuiri¹, OiSaeng Hong²

¹Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|November 19, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus may stem from the dorsal striatum, specifically area LC, becoming too permissive. This allows phantom auditory signals to reach awareness, suggesting a "striatal gating" dysfunction in tinnitus.

Keywords:

auditory cortex functional connectivity resting-state fMRI striatum tinnitus

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Perception
Brain Imaging

Background:

Tinnitus is a prevalent auditory disorder with debated neural origins.
A leading model suggests the dorsal striatum gates auditory phantom perception.
Understanding tinnitus neural substrates is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the dorsal striatum and auditory networks in tinnitus.
To test the striatal gating model of tinnitus using non-invasive brain imaging.
To compare functional connectivity in tinnitus patients versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
Functional connectivity patterns were analyzed in chronic tinnitus patients and matched controls.
Connectivity of the dorsal striatum (area LC), caudate head (CH), nucleus accumbens (NA), and primary auditory cortex (A1) was assessed.

Main Results:

Increased ipsilateral striatal-auditory cortical connectivity was consistently observed in area LC.
Abnormal connectivity was also found between striatal regions (LC, CH, NA) and cortical/subcortical areas including the parietal cortex, pre-frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus.
Specific patterns included right striatal connections with parietal cortex, bilateral CH with dorsal pre-frontal cortex, and NA/A1 with cerebellum, hippocampus, and ventral pre-frontal cortex.

Conclusions:

Findings support a striatal gating model for tinnitus.
Dysfunctional permissiveness in area LC appears to enable auditory phantoms in tinnitus.
Abnormal functional connectivity across multiple brain networks contributes to tinnitus perception.