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Processing implicit control: evidence from reading times.

Michael McCourt1, Jeffrey J Green2, Ellen Lau2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that understanding implicit control sentences, even when the antecedent is distant or implied, does not slow down reading time. This suggests syntactic processing is not required for comprehending these complex sentence structures.

Keywords:
anaphoraimplicit argumentimplicit controlrationale clauseself-paced reading

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Sentences with implicit control, where the subject of a subordinate clause is unstated but understood, present unique linguistic challenges.
  • Previous research suggested that implicit control relies on syntactic links to silent arguments, particularly in passive constructions.
  • The anaphoric relationship in implicit control, where the understood subject (PRO) refers to an implicit antecedent, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the comprehension of implicit control anaphora.
  • To challenge the prevailing syntactic account by examining processing costs in remote implicit control.
  • To determine if implicit control dependencies are mediated by syntax or other cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four self-paced reading time experiments.
  • Examined processing of both implicit and explicit control in local and remote configurations.
  • Manipulated sentence structure (passive vs. active) and distance between clauses, including adding temporal or predictability markers.

Main Results:

  • Replicated previous findings: implicit control does not incur an additional processing cost compared to explicit control.
  • Crucially, remote implicit control also did not impose a processing cost; reading times were not slower, and often faster.
  • Processing of the reason clause was not significantly affected by the distance or syntactic relationship of the implicit antecedent.

Conclusions:

  • The efficient processing of implicit control, even when remote, challenges the necessity of syntactic mediation.
  • Findings suggest that implicit control comprehension may rely on non-syntactic, potentially pragmatic or semantic, mechanisms.
  • The study argues against the existence of a silent, grammatically active argument in passive constructions for implicit control.