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Vitreomacular Attachment Ultrastructure and Histopathological Correlation.

Mark Philip Breazzano¹, HengSheng Fang¹, Michael R Robinson¹

¹a Department of Ophthalmology , State University of New York, Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA.

Current Eye Research

|November 19, 2015

Summary

The study identified distinct vitreomacular ring attachments in young human eyes, correlating with conditions like macular holes and abusive head trauma. These findings highlight the importance of vitreomacular interface anatomy in ocular pathology.

Keywords:

Abusive head trauma histopathology scanning electron microscopy vitreomacular attachments vitreomacular traction syndrome

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Anatomy
Pathology

Background:

The vitreomacular interface is crucial for retinal health.
Understanding its anatomy is key to diagnosing and treating various ocular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the ultrastructural anatomy of the vitreomacular interface in human and animal eyes.
To determine the relationship between vitreomacular anatomy and conditions like perimacular ridge formation, macular holes, vitreomacular traction syndrome, and preretinal hemorrhage.

Main Methods:

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the posterior poles of 23 human donor eyes and several animal eyes (cow, dog, monkey, pig, rabbit).
Autopsy eyes from abusive head trauma cases were examined histopathologically.

Main Results:

Two distinct rings of vitreous attachment (R1 and R2) were identified at the area centralis in human donors under 30 years old; only R2 was present in older donors.
A unique elliptical R2 was observed in Cynomolgus monkeys, while these structures were absent in cow, dog, pig, and rabbit eyes.
The identified vitreomacular ring attachments anatomically corresponded to the perimacular ridge seen in abusive head trauma cases.

Conclusions:

The study establishes a correlation between specific vitreomacular ring attachments and pathologies including macular hole, vitreomacular traction syndrome, and preretinal hemorrhage.
Monkey eyes exhibit some anatomical similarities to the human vitreomacular interface, unlike other studied animal models, suggesting species-specific differences.