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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery: 3D Accuracy.

Giovanni Badiali1, Andrea Roncari2, Alberto Bianchi3

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|November 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simulation-guided navigation improves maxillary repositioning accuracy in orthognathic surgery. This technology, combining virtual surgery and navigation, achieved high precision, especially in the vertical dimension, enhancing patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Navigation

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery corrects dentofacial deformities, with maxillary repositioning being crucial for functional and aesthetic outcomes.
  • Achieving high accuracy in maxillary repositioning is challenging, particularly concerning the vertical dimension.
  • Virtual surgical simulation and navigation systems offer potential solutions for improving intraoperative precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the absolute accuracy of maxillary repositioning in orthognathic surgery using simulation-guided navigation.
  • To compare postoperative results with preoperative planning in terms of 3D surface and point-based analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 15 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for asymmetric dentofacial deformities.
  • Pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scans were used for analysis.
  • Virtual surgical simulation software was integrated with a navigation system for intraoperative guidance.

Main Results:

  • 3D surface analysis showed a median Hausdorff distance of 0.99 mm, with 85.46% reproducibility within 2 mm.
  • Point-based analysis revealed median absolute distances of 1.19 mm (frontal), 0.59 mm (vertical), and 1.02 mm (lateral).
  • The vertical dimension demonstrated the most challenging aspect of management, yet accuracy was significantly improved.

Conclusions:

  • Simulation-guided navigation enables accurate postoperative outcomes for maxillary repositioning in orthognathic surgery.
  • The technology facilitates the intraoperative execution of computer-designed surgical plans with high fidelity.
  • This approach is particularly beneficial for managing the vertical dimension, a critical factor in surgical success.