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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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[Recent advances in transmissible tumors].

Ting-ting Yin1, Lu Wang2, Guo-dong Wang3

  • 11. Molecular Evolution and Genome Diversity Lab, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 2. Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204, China;

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
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Transmissible tumors, like canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), can spread between individuals. Recent genomic studies reveal insights into their evolution and transmission mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative oncology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cell biology

Context:

  • Transmissible tumors are rare but significant neoplastic diseases.
  • Four types identified: CTVT, DFTD, SSCL, HRCS.
  • Transmission occurs via living cells, bypassing host immunity.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advances in transmissible tumor research.
  • To highlight genomic insights into tumorigenesis and evolution.
  • To outline future research directions.

Summary:

  • Discusses canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) and Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), noting their Schwann cell origin and immune evasion strategies.
  • Explores soft-shell clams leukemia (SSCL) associated with high copy numbers of the Steamer retrotransposon.
  • Highlights whole-genome sequencing of CTVT and DFTD for understanding tumor evolution.

Impact:

  • Genomic data facilitates deeper understanding of transmissible cancer mechanisms.
  • Provides a foundation for future research into cancer transmission and evolution.
  • Informs comparative oncology and evolutionary studies of disease.