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Related Concept Videos

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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piRNA cluster database: a web resource for piRNA producing loci.

David Rosenkranz1

  • 1Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55099, Germany rosenkranz@uni-mainz.de.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) regulate transposons and have diverse roles. A new database catalogs piRNA clusters across species and conditions to aid research into their regulation and evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial for transposon silencing in animal germlines.
  • piRNA clusters are genomic loci that generate a significant fraction of piRNAs and dictate their targets.
  • The Piwi/piRNA system exhibits plasticity, with piRNAs having roles beyond transposon silencing and varying across species, development, and tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To facilitate the study of factors regulating piRNA clusters and their evolutionary dynamics.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for piRNA cluster analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of piRNA cluster data from publicly available small RNA sequencing datasets.
  • Data sourced from NCBI's Sequence Read Archive (SRA).

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Main Results:

  • Establishment of a user-friendly piRNA cluster database.
  • The database offers comprehensive data on piRNA clusters from multiple species, tissues, and developmental stages.

Conclusions:

  • The piRNA cluster database serves as a valuable resource for understanding the functional and evolutionary aspects of the piRNA pathway.
  • Further research into piRNA cluster regulation and evolution is facilitated by this centralized data repository.