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Screening for gastric cancer.

S Hisamichi

    World Journal of Surgery
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mass gastric cancer screening in Japan, initiated in 1960, detects many early-stage cancers. Evidence suggests this screening significantly reduces gastric cancer mortality rates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Public Health
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Nationwide mass screening for gastric cancer has been a public health initiative in Japan since 1960.
    • In 1985, over 5 million individuals were screened, identifying 6,240 gastric cancer cases, with about half being early-stage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of mass gastric screening programs in reducing gastric cancer mortality.
    • To analyze the relationship between screening participation and trends in gastric cancer incidence and death rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data from nationwide mass screening programs.
    • Review of studies on screening test performance, including sensitivity (82.4%) and specificity (77.2%) for the indirect x-ray method.
    • Examination of time trend analyses, case-control studies, and nonexperimental cohort studies.

    Main Results:

    • Mass screening identified a significant number of gastric cancer cases, a substantial proportion of which were early-stage.
    • Studies indicate a decreasing trend in gastric cancer mortality in Japan, coinciding with the implementation of screening programs.
    • The positive predictive value of the indirect x-ray screening method was reported as 1.78%.

    Conclusions:

    • Mass screening for gastric cancer is believed to be effective in lowering the mortality rate associated with this disease.
    • The ongoing screening efforts likely contribute to the observed decline in gastric cancer deaths in Japan.
    • Continued evaluation and refinement of screening methodologies are important for optimizing public health outcomes.

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