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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

11.6K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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[Periosteal osteosarcoma - personal experience with five cases].

Zdeněk Kinkor, Henrieta Šidlová, Iveta Mečiarová

    Ceskoslovenska Patologie
    |November 21, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Periosteal osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer in children and young adults, presents with unique low-grade features but requires aggressive treatment similar to conventional osteosarcoma, especially with medullary involvement. Early detection and prompt intervention are crucial for better outcomes.

    Keywords:
    bone - periosteal osteosarcoma - chondroplastic osteosarcoma - SATB2 - isocitrate dehydrogenase.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Oncology
    • Pediatric Oncology
    • Skeletal Radiology

    Background:

    • Periosteal osteosarcoma is a rare subtype of osteosarcoma, often affecting children and young adults.
    • Radiographic findings can include soft tissue masses, periosteal reaction, and sometimes cortical disruption with medullary involvement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of five periosteal osteosarcoma cases.
    • To evaluate the treatment outcomes and emphasize the importance of an aggressive therapeutic approach.

    Main Methods:

    • Case series analysis of five patients with periosteal osteosarcoma.
    • Review of radiographic findings, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (SATB2, S100protein, D2-40), and molecular analysis (IDH1/2 mutation).
    • Correlation of treatment modalities with patient outcomes and follow-up data.

    Main Results:

    • Five cases (femur/tibia) in patients aged 9-23 years; 4 males, 1 female.
    • Distinctive histopathology with chondroid areas, bland myxoid stroma, and delicate osteoid deposits.
    • Two cases showed aggressive behavior with metastasis and poor outcomes, despite varied treatment approaches (chemotherapy, amputation, resection).

    Conclusions:

    • Periosteal osteosarcoma exhibits unique low-grade morphology but behaves aggressively, necessitating treatment comparable to conventional osteosarcoma.
    • Medullary extension is a critical factor indicating a worse prognosis and need for aggressive management.
    • Immunohistochemistry aids in diagnosis and understanding tumor differentiation.