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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
917
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

960
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
960
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

2.3K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.9K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

1.5K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
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Rethinking general anesthesia for cesarean section.

Hiroyiki Sumikura1, Hidetomo Niwa2, Masaki Sato3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University, 3-1-3 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. hiroyuki.sumikura@gmail.com.

Journal of Anesthesia
|November 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

General anesthesia for cesarean sections is evolving, with newer drug options and airway management techniques. Enhanced postoperative pain control is crucial to prevent persistent wound pain after general anesthesia.

Keywords:
Airway managementCesarean sectionIntraoperative awarenessRapid-sequence induction

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetric Anesthesia

Background:

  • General anesthetic management for cesarean sections has traditionally relied on specific protocols.
  • Recent advancements introduce alternative induction agents and airway management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current consensus on general anesthetic management for cesarean sections.
  • To discuss evolving practices in anesthesia induction, airway management, and postoperative care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and established guidelines for obstetric anesthesia.
  • Discussion of traditional versus emerging anesthetic agents and techniques.

Main Results:

  • Rapid-sequence induction with thiopental/suxamethonium is traditional; propofol/rocuronium/remifentanil are gaining favor.
  • Supraglottic airways are effective rescue devices for difficult airways.
  • Switching to intravenous anesthetics post-delivery aids uterine tone; multimodal analgesia is key for pain management.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic practices for cesarean sections are adapting with new agents and airway devices.
  • Postoperative pain management requires a multimodal approach to mitigate persistent wound pain following general anesthesia.