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Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
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Imaging in carpal instability.

N K Ramamurthy1, A J Chojnowski2, A P Toms3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|November 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate diagnosis of carpal instability relies on identifying structural injuries. While current imaging shows promise for ligament tears, further research is needed for comprehensive assessment of wrist instability.

Keywords:
Carpal instabilitycomputerized tomographydynamicmagnetic resonance imagingradiographyultrasoundvideofluoroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Carpal instability is a complex condition requiring precise diagnosis of structural injuries.
  • Understanding kinematic and kinetic failures is crucial for effective management.
  • Current imaging modalities have limitations in fully assessing all types of carpal instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging techniques for carpal instability.
  • To evaluate the role of imaging in identifying structural injuries and functional deficits.
  • To highlight limitations of current methods and the need for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of level-III studies.
  • Evaluation of static imaging techniques (radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT arthrography).
  • Assessment of dynamic imaging techniques (dynamic ultrasound, videofluoroscopy).
  • Consideration of novel techniques (4D CT, advanced MRI).

Main Results:

  • Static imaging accurately depicts major wrist ligamentous injuries.
  • Dynamic ultrasound and videofluoroscopy can demonstrate dynamic instability.
  • Evidence for detecting non-dissociative instability and extrinsic ligament tears is weak.
  • Limitations exist in the diagnostic accuracy of current techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is required to improve the accuracy of existing imaging modalities for carpal instability.
  • Novel techniques offer potential for evaluating both anatomy and function.
  • Comprehensive imaging assessment is vital for managing complex carpal instability.