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Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
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The lncRNA RZE1 Controls Cryptococcal Morphological Transition.

Nadia Chacko1, Youbao Zhao1, Ence Yang2

  • 1Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.

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|November 21, 2015
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Summary

A newly discovered long non-coding RNA, RZE1, controls the switch between yeast and hypha forms in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. RZE1 regulates the key gene ZNF2, impacting fungal development and virulence.

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Area of Science:

  • Fungal Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes yeast-to-hypha transition, crucial for sexual development and virulence.
  • Znf2 is a known regulator of hypha formation and an anti-virulence factor in C. neoformans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel regulators of yeast-to-hypha transition in C. neoformans.
  • To investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fungal morphogenesis and virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Forward genetic screen to identify regulatory elements.
  • RNA sequencing (transcriptome analysis) to assess gene expression.
  • Single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) to determine transcript localization.

Main Results:

  • A lncRNA, RZE1, was identified upstream of the Znf2 regulator.
  • RZE1 primarily functions in cis and is restricted to the nucleus.
  • Loss of RZE1 reduces ZNF2 transcript levels and alters ZNF2 nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, impacting morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • RZE1 is the first functionally characterized lncRNA in a human fungal pathogen, regulating yeast-to-hypha transition via Znf2.
  • lncRNAs represent a significant, previously unappreciated layer of genetic regulation in fungal development.
  • These findings have implications for understanding fungal pathogen complexity and virulence.