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Metal measurement in aquatic environments by passive sampling methods: Lessons learning from an in situ

A Dabrin1, J-P Ghestem2, E Uher3

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Passive sampling devices (PS) provide valuable water quality data. Careful handling during assembly and dismantling is crucial for accurate metal measurements, especially for cadmium, chromium, and zinc.

Keywords:
BlankCoastal watersContinental watersDGTUncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Water Quality Monitoring

Background:

  • Passive sampling devices (PS) are essential for water pollutant monitoring.
  • Estimating measurement uncertainties associated with PS has been historically limited.
  • Understanding key parameters influencing PS metal measurements is critical for reliable data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key parameters affecting passive sampling measurements of metals.
  • To assess the uncertainties in time-weighted average (TWA) metal concentrations using diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT).
  • To compare the performance of DGT with traditional spot sampling methods.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an in situ intercomparison study of diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) in surface waters.
  • Involved 10 participating laboratories analyzing ultra-trace metal concentrations.
  • Analyzed data dispersion and identified sources of uncertainty in TWA concentration calculations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved satisfactory interlaboratory uncertainties for TWA concentrations (28% to 112%) despite ultra-trace levels.
  • Identified DGT handling and analytical procedures as primary sources of data dispersion.
  • Demonstrated that DGT significantly lowers the limit of quantification (LOQ) compared to spot sampling.

Conclusions:

  • DGT handling, including assembly and dismantling, is critical for accurate metal analysis (e.g., Cd, Cr, Zn) and requires stringent clean conditions.
  • Accurate data calculation methods are essential for reliable passive sampling results.
  • DGT offers a significant advantage in lowering LOQ for metal monitoring in aquatic environments.