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Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
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The Kenyan runners.

H B Larsen1, A W Sheel2

  • 1The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|November 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kenyan runners excel due to superior running economy, not higher oxygen uptake or muscle fiber differences. Their physiological advantages stem from unique body dimensions, despite observed pulmonary limitations.

Keywords:
Elite runneroxygen consumptionpul-monary systemrunning economy

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Kenyan runners demonstrate unparalleled dominance in middle- and long-distance running globally.
  • Key physiological factors in running performance include maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), its utilization, and running economy.
  • Previous research suggests elite Kenyan and non-Kenyan runners have similar VO2max and fractional VO2max utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological underpinnings of Kenyan runners' exceptional middle- and long-distance running performance.
  • To compare physiological parameters, including VO2max, fractional utilization, muscle fiber type, and running economy, between elite Kenyan and non-Kenyan runners.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of physiological data from elite Kenyan and non-Kenyan runners.
  • Assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and its utilization.
  • Evaluation of running economy (oxygen cost of running) and body dimensions.
  • Examination of pulmonary function and muscle fiber composition.

Main Results:

  • Elite Kenyan and non-Kenyan runners exhibit similar VO2max levels and fractional VO2max utilization.
  • No significant differences in slow muscle fiber proportion were found between Kenyan and Caucasian elite runners.
  • Kenyan elite runners demonstrate a lower oxygen cost of running at given velocities, potentially linked to body dimensions.
  • Kenyan runners show pulmonary limitations, including exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and expiratory flow limitation.

Conclusions:

  • The extraordinary running performance of Kenyan athletes is not attributed to superior VO2max, fractional utilization, or muscle fiber type.
  • Enhanced running economy, possibly due to distinct body dimensions, appears to be a key factor in Kenyan runners' success.
  • Pulmonary system limitations suggest that Kenyan runners do not possess inherent pulmonary advantages for their performance.
  • Further research on elite Kenyan runners is essential to fully elucidate the physiological basis of their remarkable achievements.