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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
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Reprogramming away from the exhausted T cell state.

Peter Karagiannis1, Shoichi Iriguchi1, Shin Kaneko1

  • 1Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

Seminars in Immunology
|November 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can reprogram exhausted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to a pluripotent state. This approach aims to generate diverse T cells for improved cancer immunotherapy, overcoming limitations of current TIL treatments.

Keywords:
Adoptive cellular immunotherapyCell reprogrammingExhaustionInduced pluripotent stem cellsT-iPSCs

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Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial for cancer immunity but often become exhausted in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Current TIL expansion and transplantation therapies are limited by insufficient numbers of naive or memory phenotype T cells in the expanded population.
  • This unresponsiveness impacts a significant portion of cancer patients undergoing TIL therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to rejuvenate exhausted TILs.
  • To overcome the limitations of current TIL-based cancer treatments by generating a more effective immune cell population.
  • To explore iPSC-mediated reprogramming for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming of somatic cells, specifically TILs, into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Differentiation of iPSCs into a heterogeneous population of T cells.
  • Evaluation of the potential of these differentiated T cells to combat tumors.

Main Results:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a method to revert TILs to a pluripotent state.
  • Reprogramming allows for the potential generation of diverse T cell populations from TILs.
  • This strategy may overcome the limitations of exhausted T cells in current cancer treatments.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC technology presents a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy by rejuvenating TILs.
  • Reprogramming exhausted TILs could lead to the development of more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
  • This approach holds potential for improving patient outcomes in oncology.