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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding Dynamic Cellular Behaviors in Adult Mouse Dental Tissue Renewal and Repairment
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Tissue Interactions Regulating Tooth Development and Renewal.

Anamaria Balic1, Irma Thesleff1

  • 1Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|November 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tooth development relies on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, orchestrated by five key signaling pathways (Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh, Eda). These pathways control gene expression, influencing tooth shape and stem cell maintenance.

Keywords:
AmelogenesisDental stem cellsDentinogenesisEpithelial–mesenchymal interactionsGene regulatory networksOdontogenesisSignaling networks

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are crucial for tooth morphogenesis.
  • Over 25 years of research in mouse models has elucidated key molecular signaling networks.
  • Five conserved signaling pathways (Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh, Eda) mediate epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tooth formation.
  • To highlight the roles of signaling pathways in regulating tooth development stages.
  • To discuss the regulation of dental stem cells and tooth morphology variation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mouse tooth development.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on transcription factor regulation and network integration.

Main Results:

  • Five conserved signaling pathways (Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh, Eda) mediate epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk.
  • These pathways regulate transcription factors essential for dental tissue identity.
  • Fine-tuning of signaling networks generates diverse tooth morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are fundamental to all stages of tooth development, from initiation to stem cell maintenance.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms provides insights into generating variations in tooth morphology.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on signaling pathways governing tooth formation.