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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

37
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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Replication-competent fluorescent-expressing influenza B virus.

Aitor Nogales1, Irene Rodríguez-Sánchez1, Kristen Monte2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Virus Research
|November 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed fluorescent influenza B viruses (IBVs) for easier study. These novel IBVs allow direct visualization of infected cells, aiding research into influenza B virus and antiviral drug discovery.

Keywords:
AntiviralsFluorescent-based Microneutralization assaysGFPInfluenza B virusNeutralizing antibodiesmCherry

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause significant human respiratory illness and mortality.
  • Current methods for studying IBVs often require secondary detection techniques.
  • Replication-competent influenza A viruses (IAVs) with fluorescent reporters exist, but similar tools for IBVs are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and characterize replication-competent IBVs that express fluorescent proteins.
  • To establish a more efficient method for identifying virus-infected cells without secondary assays.
  • To create a platform for high-throughput screening of antiviral therapeutics and antibodies against IBV.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of replication-competent influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 viruses engineered to express mCherry or GFP fused to the NS1 protein.
  • Characterization of growth kinetics and plaque phenotype of fluorescent IBVs compared to wild-type IBV.
  • Assessment of fluorescent protein expression for direct identification of infected cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated replication-competent IBVs expressing fluorescent proteins (mCherry or GFP).
  • Fluorescent IBVs exhibited comparable growth kinetics and plaque morphology to wild-type IBV.
  • Fluorescent protein expression enabled straightforward identification of infected cells, eliminating the need for secondary methods.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescent-expressing IBVs provide an ideal, direct method for studying IBV biology.
  • These engineered viruses serve as an excellent platform for high-throughput screening of antivirals and neutralizing antibodies.
  • The developed fluorescent IBVs can be combined with reporter-expressing IAVs for comprehensive research on major human respiratory pathogens.