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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

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Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
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The Bronchial Tree01:23

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The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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Bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

J Borak1, R Y Lefkowitz2

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. jonathan.borak@yale.edu.

Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England)
|November 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is common in many lung conditions, not just asthma. BHR testing is most valuable for ruling out asthma when results are negative.

Keywords:
Airway hyperresponsivenessBHRasthmabronchoprovocationhistaminemethacholineoccupational asthmaspirometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a key feature of asthma.
  • BHR is also present in various other lung diseases.
  • Diverse stimuli can provoke BHR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review BHR pathophysiology.
  • Discuss BHR testing methods.
  • Describe BHR epidemiology in different populations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Medline and hand searches conducted.
  • Inclusion of representative studies.

Main Results:

  • BHR involves overlapping physiological mechanisms.
  • Bronchoprovocation tests vary in stimuli, protocols, and criteria, potentially causing discordant results.
  • High BHR rates found in smokers, COPD patients, atopics, athletes, exposed workers, and the general population.

Conclusions:

  • BHR is not exclusive to asthma.
  • Negative BHR tests are valuable for excluding asthma.
  • BHR assessment aids understanding of airway disease mechanisms.