PREGNANCY AND RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

Pregnancy is common nowadays in kidney transplant female patients because of medical and surgical advances. However, pregnancy is a high risk one in these patients. Fertility is rapidly restored after the transplantation; thus, contraception is a good option in the first year. Adding to that, pregnancy can endanger the allograft function in the presence of hypertension, a moderate to severe kidney disease and proteinuria. Medical complications are more prevalent in kidney transplant population, such as infections, gestational hypertension and diabetes and anemia. Low birth weight infants and premature delivery are two other major concerns in this population. Acute rejection of the allograft is another major complication that can be avoided with close monitoring of the graft and convenient immunosuppression. Immunosuppressive drugs must be continued during pregnancy except for mycophenolic acid and sirolimus that can be teratogen. Delivery of kidney transplant patients should be vaginal and spontaneous. Cesarean section should be reserved for obstetrical indications. Prophylactic antibiotics should be administered for every invasive procedure. Patients treated with corticosteroids can breastfeed their babies. Kidney donating women can have a safe pregnancy but with a slight risk of gestational diabetes and hypertension. In summary, a multidisciplinary medical team should follow pregnant kidney transplant patients in a tertiary center. International and national registries are a must to collect data concerning this particular high-risk population in order to solve unanswered questions.