[Intra-articular injections]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Rheumatology
• Sports Medicine

Context:

• Intra-articular injections are common procedures for various joint pathologies.
• A significant percentage of knee injections are performed incorrectly, leading to reduced efficacy.
• Recent literature highlights evolving techniques and potential complications.

Purpose:

• To update and clarify current techniques for intra-articular injections.
• To review the indications, methods, and potential adverse effects of common intra-articular agents.
• To critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and local anesthetics.

Summary:

• Accurate diagnosis and meticulous technique, including asepsis and appropriate needle/volume selection, are paramount for successful intra-articular injections.
• Corticosteroid injections show efficacy for pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis but raise concerns regarding cartilage degradation.
• Hyaluronic acid injections yield variable results, and local anesthetics have limited use due to risks of masking pain and worsening injuries.

Impact:

• Improved clinical outcomes through optimized injection techniques and product selection.
• Enhanced patient safety by minimizing risks associated with intra-articular injections.
• Informed clinical decision-making regarding the use of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and local anesthetics in joint treatments.