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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Related Experiment Video

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Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Hand-portable liquid chromatographic instrumentation.

Sonika Sharma1, Luke T Tolley2, H Dennis Tolley3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Portable liquid chromatography (LC) and ion chromatography (IC) are advancing due to miniaturized pumps and detectors. This enables high-performance, hand-portable analysis, expanding field applications beyond small ions.

Keywords:
Ion chromatographyLiquid chromatographyMicrochip LCMiniaturizationPortable

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Liquid chromatography (LC) has evolved towards smaller columns, particles, and low flow rates over four decades.
  • Miniaturization of pumps and detectors, along with reduced solvent consumption, has hindered the development of portable LC.
  • Existing portable ion chromatography (IC) is largely limited to inorganic and small organic ions for field analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements enabling the expansion of portable liquid chromatography (LC) and ion chromatography (IC).
  • To highlight the development of miniaturized instrumentation for high-performance hand-portable LC.
  • To discuss the potential for broader applications of portable chromatographic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent technological advancements in chromatography instrumentation.
  • Focus on miniaturization of key components like pumps and detectors.
  • Analysis of new developments in capillary columns and UV-absorption detectors.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of small, non-splitting pumping systems and UV-absorption detectors for capillary LC.
  • Development of miniaturized instrumentation suitable for high-performance hand-portable LC.
  • Successful miniaturization of IC for field analysis, though with current application limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements facilitate the expansion of portable LC and IC systems.
  • Miniaturized instrumentation addresses previous challenges in developing hand-portable LC.
  • Further development is needed for fully integrated microfabricated LC systems.