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Impact of Nutrition on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Brenda B Poindexter1, Camilia R Martin2

  • 1Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 24, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common issue in premature infants. Optimizing nutrition in the neonatal intensive care unit and after discharge is crucial for managing BPD and improving growth outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of morbidity in premature infants.
  • The pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial and complex.
  • Nutritional management of BPD is often reactive, focusing on post-diagnosis interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the complex role of nutrition in BPD pathophysiology.
  • To emphasize the impact of prematurity and postnatal growth on BPD development.
  • To underscore the need for optimized nutritional strategies in neonatal care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of BPD pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to BPD, including small for gestational age and growth failure.
  • Examination of the effects of common BPD therapies on infant growth.

Main Results:

  • Infants born small for gestational age and those with postnatal growth failure have increased BPD risk.
  • Therapies for lung disease (fluid restriction, diuretics, corticosteroids) can impede postnatal growth.
  • Current nutritional focus is primarily on BPD management rather than prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nutritional strategies is essential for improving outcomes in premature infants at risk for BPD.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective nutritional interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit and post-discharge.
  • A proactive, evidence-based nutritional approach may mitigate BPD severity and improve long-term growth.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaGrowthNutritionPremature infants

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