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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment
Published on: June 24, 2020
Cellular Players in the Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis
Gernot Zissel1, Joachim Müller-Quernheim1
1Department of Pneumology, Center for Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Abstract:
Current hypotheses on the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis assume that it is induced by a nondegradable antigen inducing immune reactions, which are mediated by a panel of immune cells of the innate and adoptive immune system. This immune reaction leads to an accumulation of immune cells that is mainly alveolar macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils in the lung. As the antigen persists and cannot be eliminated, the ongoing immune reaction results in granuloma formation and remodeling of the lung. The current review aims to elucidate the different roles of the cellular players in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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