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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Cutaneous Sarcoidosis.

Karolyn A Wanat1, Misha Rosenbach2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis frequently affects the skin, presenting diverse symptoms. Diagnosis requires systemic evaluation, with treatment tailored to disease severity and organ involvement.

Keywords:
Cutaneous sarcoidosisErythema nodosumGranulomasLupus pernioLöfgren syndromeNoncaseating

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Systemic Diseases

Background:

  • Skin involvement is common in sarcoidosis, affecting all demographics.
  • African American women show the highest sarcoidosis prevalence in the U.S.
  • Cutaneous sarcoidosis presents varied manifestations, including granulomatous and reactive inflammatory patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of cutaneous sarcoidosis.
  • To emphasize the need for systemic evaluation in patients with skin lesions.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for sarcoidosis affecting the skin.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic considerations for cutaneous sarcoidosis.
  • Discussion of treatment approaches based on disease severity and organ involvement.
  • Emphasis on the distinction between granulomatous and reactive skin manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous sarcoidosis has diverse presentations, ranging from direct granuloma involvement to reactive inflammation like erythema nodosum.
  • Systemic work-up is crucial for all patients with suspected cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas.
  • Treatment varies from skin-directed therapies for mild cases to systemic immunomodulators/immunosuppressants for severe or multi-organ disease.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous sarcoidosis requires a comprehensive approach, integrating dermatological findings with systemic evaluation.
  • Treatment must be individualized based on the extent of organ involvement and disease severity.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are key to improving patient outcomes in sarcoidosis.