[Rosai-Dorfman disease: Case report]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pathology
• Rare Diseases
• Histiocytic Disorders

Background:

• Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare, benign histiocytic proliferative disorder.
• Its etiology remains largely unknown, but it is characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes in various tissues, most commonly lymph nodes.

Observation:

• This report focuses on a rare pediatric case of RDD presenting as a distinct clinical challenge.
• A 10-month-old infant was admitted with a rapidly growing left cervical tumor, exhibiting symptoms not typical for the usual presentation of RDD.

Findings:

• The cervical tumor in the infant represented an unusual manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman disease.
• While most RDD cases are self-limiting and require no intervention, this infant's presentation necessitated further investigation and management considerations.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering RDD in the differential diagnosis of pediatric cervical masses, even with atypical features.
• Understanding rare presentations of Rosai-Dorfman disease is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management in pediatric oncology and pathology.
• Further research into the diverse etiologies and clinical behaviors of RDD may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.