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Protective Effects of Cardamom in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Sameer N Goyal1,2, Charu Sharma3, Umesh B Mahajan4
1Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India. goyal.aiims@gmail.com.
Insights
Cardamom extract significantly protects the heart from damage caused by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. This spice demonstrates cardioprotective effects through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Pharmacology
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Cardamom is a widely used spice with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious condition characterized by heart muscle damage.
- Isoproterenol (ISO) is commonly used to induce experimental myocardial infarction in animal models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cardioprotective effects of cardamom extract against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
- To evaluate the impact of cardamom on hemodynamic, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with heart damage.
- To assess the role of cardamom's antioxidant activity in mitigating myocardial injury.
Main Methods:
- Wistar male albino rats were treated with cardamom extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) or saline for 30 days.
- Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (ISO) on days 29 and 30.
- Cardiac function, endogenous antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, myocyte enzymes, and histopathological changes were assessed.
Main Results:
- Isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction, decreased antioxidants, depleted cardiac enzymes, and increased lipid peroxidation.
- Cardamom pretreatment significantly ameliorated these ISO-induced changes.
- Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses confirmed the protective effects of cardamom on cardiomyocytes.
Conclusions:
- Cardamom extract exhibits significant cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
- The cardioprotection is attributed to cardamom's potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
- Cardamom demonstrates potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing myocardial damage.
Abstract:
Cardamom is a popular spice that has been commonly used in cuisines for flavor since ancient times. It has copious health benefits such as improving digestion, stimulating metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The current study investigated the effect of cardamom on hemodynamic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided and treated with extract of cardamom (100 and 200 mg/kg per oral) or normal saline for 30 days with concomitant administration of ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneous) on 29th and 30th days, at 24 h interval. ISO injections to rats caused cardiac dysfunction evidenced by declined arterial pressure indices, heart rate, contractility and relaxation along with increased preload. ISO also caused a significant decrease in endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, depletion of cardiomyocytes enzymes, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and increase in lipid peroxidation. All these changes in cardiac and left ventricular function as well as endogenous antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and myocyte enzymes were ameliorated when the rats were pretreated with cardamom. Additionally, the protective effects were strengthened by improved histopathology and ultrastructural changes, which specifies the salvage of cardiomyocytes from the deleterious effects of ISO. The present study findings demonstrate that cardamom significantly protects the myocardium and exerts cardioprotective effects by free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
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