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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
Published on: April 1, 2019
Worldwide interethnic variability and geographical distribution of CYP2C9 genotypes and phenotypes
Carolina Céspedes-Garro1,2, Ingrid Fricke-Galindo3, María Eugenia G Naranjo1
1a CICAB Clinical Research Centre , Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School , Badajoz 06080 , Spain.
Introduction:
Notably differences in CYP2C9 allele frequencies among worldwide populations have been reported, with an interesting low frequency of the CYP2C9*2 allele in Amerindians compared with Admixed and European populations.
Areas Covered:
Literature was searched using the PubMed database and was focused on worldwide original research papers on CYP2C9 alleles and CYP2C9 phenotypes ("predicted" from CYP2C9 genotypes and "measured" metabolic phenotype with a probe drug) among healthy volunteers according to their ethnicity and geographical distribution. Seventy-eight original research articles including a total of 31,978 subjects were identified.
Expert Opinion:
CYP2C9*2 allele is the most frequent in Caucasian populations (average 14%), with the lowest frequencies for Africans (0.46%), East Asians (0.56%) and Native Americans (1.25%), which is in agreement with the hypothesis about the low prevalence in Amerindians. CYP2C9*3 shows the highest frequency among South Asians (11.7%), while CYP2C9*5 (1.56%) and *8 (4.70%) in African Americans. The predicted poor metabolizers (gPMs) were found overall in a low frequency, with the highest frequency detected for South Asians, in accordance with the CYP2C9*3 frequency in these populations. This study shows the worldwide variability in the CYP2C9 allele frequencies across different ethnic and geographic groups. Data about CYP2C9 "measured" metabolic phenotypes is still limited.
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