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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process
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Stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes.

Zhuang Liu1, Wei Wang1, Rui Xie1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. xierui@scu.edu.cn chuly@scu.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|November 24, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes offer self-regulated permeability and selectivity, overcoming limitations of traditional membranes. These advanced membranes are crucial for sustainable development in energy, environmental, and health sectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional porous membranes have fixed pore sizes and surface properties, limiting their applications.
  • Membrane fouling and the need for self-regulated permeability/selectivity hinder the performance of conventional membranes.
  • Natural cell membranes inspire the development of artificial stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes.
  • To discuss design and fabrication strategies for incorporating smart gates.
  • To highlight the potential of these membranes in various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporating stimuli-responsive materials as functional gates into traditional porous membranes.
  • Developing "open/close" switch mechanisms in response to environmental stimuli.
  • Exploring different gating models (positively and negatively responsive).

Main Results:

  • Smart gating membranes can self-regulate permeability and selectivity by adjusting pore size and surface properties.
  • These membranes overcome the limitations of traditional membranes, offering enhanced performance.
  • Successful applications demonstrated in substance concentration, drug release, molecular separation, and self-cleaning.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • These membranes are pivotal for sustainable development across energy, environmental, and health fields.
  • The ability to self-regulate performance positions smart gating membranes for significant future impact.